Gasoline and octane..
1929, procedure developed for establishing anti-knock quality of gasoline
1930, anti-knock properties of tetraethyl lead discovered by Thomas Midgley.
3 g Et4Pb per gal increases octane #
15-20.Ê 2.4-3.2 g/gal used in regular; ~4.2
g/gal in premium.
Et4Pb usage peaked in 1970's; found in
~99% of all gasoline sold in U. S.
Components of petroleum..
|
Bp (oC) |
# Câs |
Fraction/Use
|
|
< 30ÊÊÊÊ ÊÊÊÊÊÊ |
2-4 |
petroleum gas, heating, propane, butane |
|
30-180 |
4-9 |
gasoline |
|
160-230Ê ÊÊÊ |
8-16 |
kerosene, heating, jet fuel |
|
200-320Ê |
10-18 |
diesel, fuel |
|
300-450 ÊÊÊÊÊÊ |
16-30 |
heavy oil, heating, lubrication |
|
> 300 (vacuum) |
> 25 |
petroleum jelly, parafin wax |
|
residueÊ |
> 35 |
asphalt |