Reactions of R-X with Nucleophiles/Bases

R in R-X

Poor
nucleophile
[eg H2O]

Weakly basic,
good
nucleophile
[eg I-]

Strongly basic,
unhindered
nucleophile
[eg CH3O-]

Strongly basic,
hindered
nucleophile
[eg (CH3)3CO-]

methyl

no rxn

SN2

SN2

SN2

unhindered
primary

no rxn

SN2

SN2

E2

branched
primary

no rxn

SN2

E2

E2

secondary

slow SN1,
E1

SN2

E2

E2

tertiary

SN1, E1

SN1, E1

E2 (+ E1)

E2 (+ E1)

unhindered primary = -CH2-CH2-X;  branched primary  = -CH(R)-CH2-X